Art theme: history paintings

History paintings relate important stories and – perhaps confusingly – the category includes religious and mythological stories alongside historical scenes. Often these works contain an important message and the size of the work (its scale) can be significant as a result.

Contextual background for teachers

On Strike (1985)
David Lawrence Carpanini (b.1946)

Medium: acrylic on canvas
Dimensions: H 82 x W 82 cm

David Carpanini was born in Abergwynfi, South Wales, the son of an Italian father and Welsh mother. He is a renowned painter, draughtsman, printmaker and teacher. His work often reflects the industrial landscape of South Wales, notably capturing the mood of the 1984–1985 Miners' Strike.

The Strike was a pivotal moment in the region's history, marked by intense industrial action and community solidarity. It began in response to the UK Government's proposal to close loss-making coal pits, which threatened thousands of jobs. South Wales, heavily reliant on mining, saw widespread participation in the Strike, with communities uniting to resist the closures.

This painting, featuring the actor Simon Cadell, captures the emotional and social impact of the Strike. The artwork provides an unfiltered lens into a typical street in the South Wales Valleys at a time of hardship and adversity for the miners and their families. Carpanini’s On Strike resonates deeply with those who experienced the Strike and those who view it today.

Look, describe and discuss

Open a full-screen version of the zoomable image in a new window.

Ask your students to describe the artwork, encouraging them to simply say what they can see.

You can start by showing the whole image, and then use the zoom feature to explore details of the painting. Or you might like to start by using the zoom feature to show a detail from the image, and then zoom out to see more.

Encourage your students to look carefully – this is their superpower! It's best to not give too much background information about the artwork at this stage, so students can develop their own ideas and opinions.

Nudge questions

Now when looking at the painting, ask more specific ('nudge') questions:

  • What do you think is going on here?
  • How do the colours used make you feel about the painting?
  • What do you notice about the people? Can we learn anything about their different characters? 
  • Is this a quiet painting or a noisy painting? What signs are there that other people live in this place?

Questions from The Superpower of Looking Kit

Now we can start to explore the 'elements' of the painting.

For this artwork, you will focus on the following areas from The Superpower of Looking Kit:

  • Composition
  • Figures
  • Space

Ask your students to evidence their points:

  • where exactly are they looking when they make a statement?
  • can everybody see what they see?
  • slow down, take time to really look closely

You can introduce knowledge from the contextual background for teachers while asking these bespoke questions with helpful responses which can be found in the teachers' notes.

Everyone learning

You can find out more about The Superpower of Looking SEND/ASD/ALN/ASN approach on the Superpower homepage.

Now it's time to explore the artwork in different ways. This list of sensory activities encourages students to apply their learning and can suit a variety of learning needs.

Make
We suggest creative activities for all learners, including a tactile option to support students with vision impairment: these activities explore the tactile qualities of materials or involve gestural mark-making to further explore the artwork.

  • Draw around a plate to make a circle on a sheet of paper, then cut it out. Fold the circle into thirds (a top, middle and bottom section) and fill each third with your own street scene, with figures in the foreground, buildings in the middle-ground and sky in the background.  
  • Tactile option: explore the brushwork in the painting by focusing on how the artist has created the sky. On a blue background (coloured paper or pre-painted), add layers of white chalk, pastels or paint in broad diagonal smudges to capture the feeling of clouds rushing across the sky. 


Experience

  • The man is drawn at an unusual angle – this is called foreshortening. The dimensions of the figure are controlled to make his lower body appear to be receding away from the viewer. Assemble a collection of transparent viewing devices, such as magnifying glasses, binoculars, and even drinking glasses. Look through them from one direction, then turn them around. Does your view change shape at all? Ask a friend to sit on the floor and then look down at them through one of the glasses. Do they seem distorted like in the painting? 
  • Read this account of the Miners’ Strike from National Museum Wales: Meinir Morris' childhood memory looks back at the time when her father, a worker at the Phurnacite plant at Abercwmboi, took part in the Strike. The account should take about 5 minutes to read aloud. 


Communicate

  • Imagine you have just knocked on someone's door. What different poses can you come up with? What do these poses say about how you are feeling? 
  • Learn the Makaton sign for 'father'.

Final stage: review

Ask your students to:

  • share their sketchbooks in groups and discuss the 'elements' they have identified
  • choose an element/aspect they find most interesting about the artwork and record it in their sketchbooks
  • choose their own name/s for the title of the artwork
  • think of a question they would like to ask the artist

 

Congratulations!

You have now completed this lesson resource on The Superpower of Looking.

There are more resources in this theme to try – have a look at the 'next lessons' section below.


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